How
the Birth of Ethics Leads to Discernment
Carlos Cardoso Aveline
Carlos Cardoso Aveline
Portuguese-Brazilian
edition of “Light on the Path”
Written down by Ms. Mabel Collins,
with commentaries made in some cases by an Initiate, the book “Light on the
Path” is one of the greatest among theosophical classics.
The rules and axioms of this small volume have been studied
since remote ages by those who try to live according to the Esoteric Wisdom of
the East. On the other hand, there are a number of commentaries in the volume
which were written by Ms. Collins and transmit false ideas. These passages
present decisive tests to the discernment of readers. They result from causes
which can be now easily investigated.
Due to the probations and tests faced by theosophists during the 19th
century, Ms. Mabel Collins lost her sense of ethics and common sense soon after
the publication of “Light on the Path”. The mistakes she then made for lack of
respect for truth were already present as seeds, and on an abstract plane, in
her approach to the law of karma and her view of the theosophical philosophy,
as one can see in her commentaries to the rules in “Light on the Path” and in
the final essay of the volume, “Karma”.
The fact that all of the book’s material was published while Helena
Blavatsky lived is no guarantee of an absence of mistakes. There is no
“infallibility” in esotericism. All things human must be unceasingly improved.
As an editor, H. P. Blavatsky was extremely tolerant and made mistakes
for being less severe than she ought to. A short time before dying, H.P.B.
received letters of warning from her Master and made a harsh self-criticism in
correspondence sent to her friends.[1]
H.P.B. realized in 1889 and 1890 that she had underestimated the deficit of
ethical feelings and love to self-discipline among the majority of her
students. She had been too optimistic regarding the awakening of wisdom in
human soul.
Since then, H.P.B. started strengthening the ethical aspect of her
teachings and added special intensity to the issue of self-discipline. On 26
April 1890, she wrote in her third message to the North-American theosophists:
“What I said last year remains true today, that is, that the Ethics of
Theosophy are more important than any divulgement of psychic laws and facts.
The latter relate wholly to the material and evanescent part of the septenary
man, but the Ethics sink into and take hold of the real man - the reincarnating
Ego.” [2]
Mabel Collins’ Mistakes in “Light on the Path”
“Light on the Path” was
first published in 1885, some five years before H.P. Blavatsky’s pedagogical
self-criticism.
An examination of the
book shows that Mabel Collins did not see Ethics as a decisive factor in theosophy. Some of
her gravest mistakes are in the final essay, entitled “Karma”.
The illusion according to which immortal sages are “above” or “outside”
the Law of Karma is a trap and opens the door to spiritual defeat.
The Teachers and Initiates are servers who know, live and exemplify the
Law. There is nothing outside the Law in the Universe, and there never was.
Each deviation will have to be compensated. Each mistake will be corrected. The
One Law regulates everything taking place during the periods of manifestation
of the Universe, the Manvantaras; the same Law regulates every aspect of the
periods of rest in the Cosmos, its Pralayas. Therefore no defeat is permanent.
At each failure, new attempts must be made until victory takes place,
little by little. From a theosophical point of view, the learning of one’s soul
includes many incarnations. Unlike superstitious religions, there is nothing
similar to an “eternal condemnation” in theosophy.
Fear from defeat is an obstacle in itself, when it paralyses the truth
seeker. Confidence is a virtue, when caution and prudence are not abandoned.
The two most important factors in a pilgrimage are the adoption of a noble goal
and the courage to unceasingly try one’s best. Failures indicate mistakes to be
corrected in the future. Mabel Collins’ contribution to the theosophical Cause
will last, while her personal defeat will be overcome and give way to wisdom.
The failure of a number of students and disciples during the first years
of the theosophical movement - in the 19th century - must be looked at from at
least two main viewpoints. One of them reveals the mistakes made by the
aspirants to discipleship. The illusions which defeated them must be avoided by
21st century students. The other point of view invites us to evaluate the
method used in teaching. As we mentioned above, the limitations of HPB’s
pedagogical practice as a teacher led her to make a severe self-criticism. This
took place one year after Mabel Collins’ crisis regarding the theosophical
movement. On the occasion, H. P. Blavatsky had to deal with the defeat of
several others, among her co-workers and students.
The teacher who expects too much from students leads them to failure.
The teachings must be transmitted in a rhythm and in a way which reduce
as much as possible the danger of a failure on the part of the student. During
pioneer efforts, an extraordinary amount of rigour may be historically
unavoidable. As time passes, the pedagogical effort can better calculate the
effects of its action regarding the pupils. Expectations get to be more
realistic, and the teaching is transmitted in a slower way. In teaching,
preference is given to that which students can absorb on the basis of a stable
practice of Ethics, inseparable from a direct understanding of the abstract
universal laws and their dynamics in daily life.
During the 21st century, the esoteric movement must learn from HPB’s
self-criticism and adapt its view of discipleship. That which is simple can be
profound. Topics that are unnecessarily complicated often become superficial.
It is correct to build an approach to theosophy that is simple in its
operational aspects, and whose complexity remains invisible in normal
conditions.
Discipleship has always occurred in widely implicit ways, and trying to
“organize” it in too detailed ways through material and institutional
structures would provoke problems that are hard to solve in the present phase
of human evolution.
“Light on the Path” and “The Voice of the Silence”
In the first paragraph of
the Preface to “The Voice of the Silence”, H.P. Blavatsky writes:
“The following pages are
derived from The Book of the Golden
Precepts, one of the works put into the hands
of mystic students in the East. The knowledge of them is obligatory in that School,
the teachings of which are accepted by many Theosophists. Therefore, as I know
many of these Precepts by heart, the work of translating has been relatively an
easy task for me.” [3]
The main source of Mabel Collins’ book “Light on the Path” is the same
“Book of the Golden Precepts”, which has never been known to the wider public.
The similarity between the teachings of “Light on the Path” and “The Voice of
the Silence” is great. In the first lines of “Light on the Path” we see these
axioms:
“Before the eyes can see, they must be incapable of tears. Before the
ear can hear, it must have lost its sensitiveness. Before the voice can speak
in the presence of the Masters it must have lost the power to wound. Before the
soul can stand in the presence of the Masters its feet must be washed in the
blood of the heart.” [4]
And we find the following words in the first paragraphs of “The Voice of
the Silence”:
“Before the Soul can see, the Harmony within must be attained, and
fleshly eyes be rendered blind to all illusion. Before the Soul can hear, the
image (man) has to become as deaf to roarings as to whispers, to cries of
bellowing elephants as to the silvery buzzing of the golden fire-fly. Before
the Soul can comprehend and may remember, she must unto the Silent Speaker be
united ….” [5]
The similitude does not occur by chance. In an article included in the
“Collected Writings”, H.P. Blavatsky herself says that part of the aphorisms in
“Light on the Path” come from the same source of “The Voice of the Silence”.
She writes that axioms like “Before the voice can speak in the presence
of the Masters it must have lost it power to wound” and other sentences are
“as old as the Book the Golden Precepts,
from which they radiated (… ) into Light
on the Path”. [6]
Although these two works have much in common, there are various
significant differences between them.
“Light on the Path” results from the cooperation of a Greek high
Initiate with a student from a Western country. Its language is easier to
understand for readers of the West. “The Voice of the Silence” was written by
an Initiate Disciple, and much more advanced than Mabel Collins. “The Voice of
the Silence” is a totally Eastern work and more challenging to the reader. In
it, Helena Blavatsky pays less attention to the specific psychological
complexities which seem to be so important to Western souls.
The Lesson Present in the Traps
H. P. Blavatsky mentioned
the mistakes made by M. Collins in a letter published in 1889. She wrote that
“the lustre of that priceless little jewel, Light
on the Path, is henceforth dimmed by a great
black stain that nothing can wash out.” [7]
In the same year, in a personal letter to a theosophist named John
Ransom Bridge, HPB considered “insidious” and “dangerous” the rule number 20 of
the book.[8] She added that only “the main body” of the volume was
dictated by a true Adept, and the rest was “added from the inner consciousness
of Miss Mabel Collins”.
On other occasions, HPB informed that the Adept was not a Master [9], nor a Mahatma.[10] There is public evidence that the name he used in the 19th
century was Illarion [11], also
spelled as Hilarion, and that he was Greek.[12]
Rule I-20 in “The Light on the Path”
There are two “rules number 20” in “Light on the Path”: one belongs to
the first series of rules, the other to the second. HPB does not clarify to
which part of the book she refers. Rule 20 in the second series has one
sentence only. Its idea does not seem to be ethically questionable and it is
not commented by M. Collins. We must infer that HPB questioned rule 20 of the
first series, which is long, complex, and was commented by M. Collins.
HPB added that rule 20 has an “Occult venom”, and a “close relationship
to Tantrika Black Magic”. However, it is not easy to find “venom” on rule I-20.
By mentioning this harmless part of the book, HPB may have wanted to say to her
correspondent that the book had serious occult problems, without specifically
revealing them or dwelling on them.
This is likely because on occasions when HPB could not speak openly, she
would often write enigmatic sentences as the ones used in this case. She thus
caused a certain perplexity which could lead people to investigate in the right
direction and discover facts on their own merit.
A critical examination of rule I-20 shows that its text does not make
the fact clear enough that a total renunciation is necessary in one’s lower
self. However, this is a minor error if one examines the book as a whole.
A sentence can be seen as
dangerous in rule I-20 of “Light on the Path”. Referring to the Path, it says:
“Seek it by testing all experience”.
However, the real meaning
of the axiom is: “Seek [the path] by seeing as a
test each experience you have in life”. And this idea is correct.
One should also examine the following question:
“What kind of ‘experience’ must the pilgrim accept and undergo in his
life?”
This will depend on his main intention in life and the intentions of his
emotional being. Every pilgrim who dedicates himself to a noble cause soon
realizes that inner purification is unavoidable. [13]
Rule I-20 contains warnings about the need to lead a pure life. Various
ideas in the rule and in the commentary to it are useful and profound. While
looking at these lines, however, HPB may have seen the confused mental state of
Mabel Collins, who wrote them down. This fragment of the book does not have a
necessarily venomous effect to all readers. Each one must observe it with
independence and take into consideration the different factors involved.
While a number of ethical mistakes can be seen in the book and must be
identified in public, HPB recognized in more than one occasion the great value
of the work. “Light on the Path” is a classic text and belongs in the library
of every student of esoteric philosophy, including newcomers and experienced
learners. The failings of the book exemplify the need to avoid blind belief:
the truth-seeker must think by himself.
Although Mabel Collins cooperated with an Adept, she did not have solid
foundations in her life. Her defeat as a disciple is a sign of alert about the
need to constantly re-examine the firmness (or otherwise) of the ground on
which we walk. Only altruism is stable. An effective progress along the way to
wisdom must be obtained by our own merit, while we work with a feeling of
unconditional love for truth and in close cooperation with other good-willing
individuals.
Life obeys to the Law of symmetry and justice. It is by helping those
who may know less, that a pilgrim starts receiving the help - perhaps invisible
- of Those who know more than he does.
Intelligence is Impartial
In the Note to item 10 of
the second series of rules, “Light on the Path” presents an idea which deserves
special attention:
“Intelligence is
impartial: no man is your enemy: no man is your
friend. All alike are your teachers.”
Such an axiom must be correctly understood, as one perseveres in the
spiritual effort, so as to avoid naïve ideas about the mutual help process
among companions, or about one’s family relations. [14]
The community of students must establish a harmony as strong as
possible, and a complete cooperation as long as karma allows it to. The same
challenge operates in the universe of family relations. Life flows according to
the law of symmetry. At each step along the road to sacredness, the student has
to take one step away from the world of personal interests. His decision to
look for the best will be tested in several painful and unexpected ways. This
results from the action of the impersonal forces which fight the divine world.
Although the search for lay discipleship is only a preliminary
preparation for a more advanced learning, it contains in itself, in small
scale, the main elements of the future. Hence the decisive importance of thinking
about discipleship, as one studies theosophy.
The Law of Symmetry is the law of karma and regulates discipleship. [15] The Mahatma Letters show that
anti-spiritual energies are consciously used by Eastern Esoteric sages in order
to avoid the premature or unstable progress of their students. On Letter 30,
one Master says that some “dugpas” (anti-evolutionary, anti-ethical sorcerers)
receive “carte blanche” from the magicians of goodness and altruism to test in
cruel ways the “chelas” or disciples of divine wisdom.
This takes place, says the teacher, for some time and “with the sole
object of drawing out the whole inner
nature of the chela, most of the nooks and corners of which, would remain dark
and concealed for ever, were not an opportunity afforded to test each of these
corners in turn.” And the Mahatma adds: “Whether the chela wins or loses the
prize - depends solely of himself.” [16]
There are no specific forewarnings for tests and traps emerging along
the path. They appear in unexpected ways, often in the student’s most intimate
relationships, and when inner affinity is the greatest. They come through
family and in the interaction with companions along the spiritual road. The
history of the theosophical movement gives us countless examples of the fact.
Each student must remember, therefore, that supreme intelligence is
impartial: nobody is his friend, in the conventional sense of the word; and
nobody is his enemy. Everyone is his teacher.
NOTES:
[1] See the text
“Helena Blavatsky’s Self-Criticism” by Carlos Cardoso Aveline. The article is
published in our associated websites.
[2] “Five
Messages”, H. P. Blavatsky, Theosophy Co., Los Angeles, 1922, 32 pp., see p.
26. The booklet is available at our associated websites.
[3] “The Voice of
the Silence”, translated and annotated by H.P.B., Theosophy Company, Los
Angeles, 1987, 110 pp., p. i.
[4] “Light on
the Path”, M.C., Theosophy Co., Mumbai, India.
[5] “The Voice
of the Silence”, Theosophy Company, pp. 2-3.
[6]
“Collected Writings”, H. P. Blavatsky, TPH, USA, volume XI, pp. 318-319.
[7]
See the letter to the journal “Light”, dated June 1889 and reproduced on pp.
284-286 of volume XI, “Collected Writings of H.P.B.” The sentence quoted is on
p. 286.
[8]
The letter is published on “The Theosophical Forum” magazine (Pasadena-Point
Loma Society), October 1944, pp. 469-474. See especially the upper part of p.
472. More on the spiritual and ethical failure of Mabel Collins can be seen on
Chapter 11, Part 6, of the book “HPB”, by Sylvia Cranston. The novel “The
Blossom and the Fruit”, by Mabel Collins, is the story of a spiritual failure.
Her book “The Idyll of the White Lotus” narrates another defeat and describes
treasons. The language of failure is not needed in the 21st century. Severity
must be compensated by a sense of confidence. A certainty of the long term
victory protects the pilgrim.
[9]
See the document “To All Theosophists, The Esoteric Section of the Theosophical
Society and its Enemies”, in “Collected Writings of H.P. Blavatsky”, TPH, vol.
XI, especially pp. 314-315.
[10]
“Collected Writings”, volume XI. See the upper part of p. 285.
[11]
“Collected Writings”, volume XI, p. 320. This Adept also wrote mystical stories
in cooperation with HPB, as hinted in “Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom”,
first series, letter 20. The word Adept, used in theosophy to designate
Initiates and High Initiates, means literally “one who knows”.
[12]
“Collected Writings”, volume XI, p. 285.
[13]
See the article “Undergoing All Experience”, by John Garrigues, which is
published at our associated websites. The
“ultimate human experience” is to observe and understand life as a whole.
[14]
See for instance the text “One for All, And All for One”, by Carlos Cardoso
Aveline, which is published at our associated websites.
[15]
Read “The Law of Symmetry”, by C.C.A., which is published at our associated
websites.
[16]
“The Mahatma Letters”, TUP edition, Pasadena, California, Letter 30, first
lines of p. 232.
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The above text is a translation from the prologue by Carlos C. Aveline to the book “Luz no Caminho” (‘Light on the Path’), by M.C., The Aquarian Theosophist, Portugal, 85 pp., 2014. It is here reproduced from the January 2015 edition of “The Aquarian Theosophist”.
The above text is a translation from the prologue by Carlos C. Aveline to the book “Luz no Caminho” (‘Light on the Path’), by M.C., The Aquarian Theosophist, Portugal, 85 pp., 2014. It is here reproduced from the January 2015 edition of “The Aquarian Theosophist”.
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On the role of the esoteric movement in
the ethical awakening of mankind during the 21st century, see the book “The Fire and Light of Theosophical
Literature”, by Carlos Cardoso Aveline.
Published in
2013 by The Aquarian Theosophist,
the volume has 255 pages and can be obtained through Amazon Books.
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