Victor Cousin
Examines the Relation
Between Human
Beings and Infinity
Carlos Cardoso
Aveline
“Wherever there is no conception of
infinity, or love for infinity, there is no religion.”
Eclectic
philosopher Victor Cousin was one of the first thinkers to open the doors of
Western culture to the Eastern philosophies [1], and to acknowledge the fact that philosophy did not start in
Greece, but much earlier.
He seems to have contributed to the publication of
Eastern works which influenced Ralph Waldo Emerson and other transcendentalists
in the United States.
At the beginning of 19th century, Victor Cousin
delivered a course entitled “On the True, the Beautiful and the Good”. He examined during the event the relation of
human beings to Infinity, and said that the notions of goodness, beauty and
truthfulness are bridges through which we make a contact with infinity. [2]
Cousin wrote:
“The Self, nature and the absolute are the three
elements of intellectual life.”
He added:
“There is no thought without the finite SELF and the
NOT-SELF, id est, without a duality
on the level of phenomena, and without an infinite substance that gives them
the conditions for them to exist.”
According to Cousin, one must remember that every Finite
object exists in Infinity. Everything Finite emerges from Infinity and
will come back to Infinity sooner or later.
The planet Earth and each human being inevitably live in
Infinity. Unlimited Space and Time include us. They permeate our consciousness
and surround us. The Absolute Infinity investigated by Cousin corresponds to
the Parabrahm of Eastern philosophies and theosophy.
According to the French thinker, the three famous
issues of ancient Greek philosophy - the good, the beautiful and the true - are
external aspects of Infinity. He says that infinity is a basic need of human
beings and is present in invisible ways - symbolically or as a potentiality -
in that which is good, true and beautiful.
Cousin writes:
“Love and reason constitute human life, and they also
constitute religion and art, which are expressions of life. I explain: reason
conceives infinity; love aspires for infinity; and what can religion have
beyond this? Wherever there is no conception of infinity, or love for infinity,
there is no religion.(...) Religion is a look toward infinity, cast from the
heart of the finite; and Art is the reproduction of infinity, through the
finite.” [3]
Infinity cannot be found in the external and
tridimensional world. Whatever is good, beautiful and true in the world can
only point out to and symbolize the Unlimited. Infinity must be investigated by
turning one’s attention toward the inner world.
A starry sky at night may suggest to us the universal
infinity of all space and time; yet the infinite will have to be found through
the vision of the soul.
NOTES:
[1] G. W. Leibniz (1646-1716) was another one. At the end
of his life, Leibniz wrote extensively on Chinese philosophy and religion,
defending it.
[2] “Du Vrai, Du Beau et tu Bien”, in “Oeuvres de Victor
Cousin”, Société Belge de Librairie, Haufman et Co., Bruxelles, 1840, three
large volumes. See Tome I, 526 pp., p. 373.
The lectures of the course were delivered from 1815 to 1818.
[3] “Du Vrai, Du Beau et tu Bien”, 1840, Tome I, see p. 378.
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On the role of the esoteric movement in
the ethical awakening of mankind during the 21st century, see the book “The Fire and Light of Theosophical
Literature”, by Carlos Cardoso Aveline.
Published in
2013 by The Aquarian Theosophist,
the volume has 255 pages and can be obtained through Amazon Books.
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